The Middle Ages: Life on the Manor Crossword Puzzle

QUESTIONS LIST:

• manor : a large estate that included farmland, forests, a village, and the manor house where the lord lived.
• lord : the noble who owned and controlled the manor and its lands.
• serf : a laborer bound to the land, working on the manor in exchange for protection and the right to cultivate certain fields.
• peasant : a free farmer or laborer on the manor who had more rights than serfs but still worked under the lord's control.
• vassal : a person granted land by a lord in exchange for military service and loyalty.
• fief : the land granted to a vassal by a lord in return for loyalty and service.
• feudalism : the hierarchical social system in medieval europe, characterized by the exchange of land for military service.
• demesne : the part of the manor land directly controlled by the lord and worked by the serfs.
• bailiff : the official who managed the day-to-day operations of the manor for the lord.
• reeve : a local official elected by the peasants to oversee the work on the manor and ensure everyone fulfilled their duties.
• crop rotation : the agricultural practice of rotating different crops in the same field to maintain soil fertility.
• tithe : a tax paid to the church, usually one-tenth of a peasant's produce or income.
• manor house : the residence of the lord, often the largest building on the manor.
• commons : shared land on the manor where peasants could graze their animals.
• blacksmith : a craftsman who made and repaired iron tools and implements for the manor.
• mill : a building equipped with machinery for grinding grain into flour, usually powered by water or wind.
• guild : an association of artisans or merchants who controlled the practice of their craft in a town.