Cellular Energetics Crossword Puzzle

QUESTIONS LIST:

• acids : increases the concentration of hydronium ions
• bases : decreases the concentration of hydronium ions
• ph scale : the measure of how acidic or basic a substance is by measuring hydrogen ions
• buffer : substances that minimize h+ and oh-  concentrations (accept or donate h+ ions)
• exergonic : net release of free energy into the environment, usually catabolic processes
• endergonic : net input of free energy from the environment, usually anabolic processes
• catabolic : chemical reactions that break down large molecules into smaller molecules, releasing energy into the environment
• anabolic : chemical reactions that build up smaller molecules into larger molecules, taking energy from the environment
• entropy : a measure of how much disorder and randomness there is in a system
• enzymes : proteins with unique 3d shapes that reduce the activation energy of reactions, enzymes can change shape but stay unchanged after every reaction.
• active site : a specific part of the enzyme where reactions with substrate take place. substrate specific meaning other substrates cannot react with the specific enzyme.
• induced fit : when the specific enzyme wraps around the specific substrate, squeezing it and putting stress on the substrate making it easier to break/form bonds.
• activators : binds to the enzyme, changing the shape and making it perform more efficiently
• cofactors : small inorganic ions that bind within the enzyme for the enzyme to work properly
• inhibitors : molecules that bind to enzymes to stop them from catalyzing chemical reactions
• competitive : molecules mimicking substrate that compete for the active site
• feedback : molecules that can bind to enzymes and inhibit their activity, and they are used to regulate the activity of enzymes in a feedback loop.
• ectotherms : animals that regulate their body temperature by external means, such as basking in the sun or seeking shade. internal temperature relies on external temperature.
• endotherms : animals that are able to generate their own body heat.