Cancer & Genetic Manipulation Crossword Puzzle

QUESTIONS LIST:

• cancer : this abnormal growth of cells often results in a mass of cells called a tumor.
• apoptosis : this refers to programmed cell death, which is something that cancer cells fail to do.
• angiogenesis : this is the cancer-cell-stimulated formation of new blood vessels to a tumor, which bring it nutrients and oxygen.
• metastasis : this refers to the invasion of other tissues by cancer cells, which allows for the establishment of tumors at new sites in the body.
• proto oncogenes : these normal genes code for proteins that promote normal cell division and the normal cell cycle.
• oncogene : this is a proto-oncogene with a dna mutation that lacks the ability to correctly code for the proteins that regulate normal cell division.
• cell division : cells with oncogenes overly engage in this.
• tumour suppressor : this type of gene codes for proteins that promote the ending of mitosis.
• smoking : participating in this, either actively or passively, is a major cause of lung cancer.
• blood : these types of cancers do not produce tumors.
• germline : these mutations can cause breast and ovarian cancers.
• acquired cancers : these are cancers such as colon, skin and lung cancer, (which are more common than germline cancers), and result from a build up of mutations over time.
• cloning : this is the production of identical copies of genes, cells or organisms through asexual means.
• plasmid : this is a small accessory ring of dna in bacteria.
• vector : both plasmids and viruses can act as this, which inserts foreign dna into a host cell.
• transgenic organisms : these organisms have had a foreign gene inserted into them.
• transgenic bacteria : these are used to produce: insulin and human growth hormone.
• transgenic plants : these plants can have pest resistance, or they can produce human hormones, clotting factors, and antibodies in their seeds.
• transgenic animals : these animals may produce drugs in their milk to treat cystic fibrosis, cancer, and blood diseases.
• gene therapy : inserts gene material into human cells to treat disorders.